Macrophages are specialized cells that rapidly recognize, engulf, and destroy pathogens or apoptotic cells. One of the fundamental features of macrophages is their high plasticity, which allows them to respond to stimuli from the complex tissue microenvironment, by changing rapidly their functional profile through polarization. Macrophages reveal specific phenotypes and functions in response to different triggers. Depending on the types of stimuli, they can polarize to M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages.
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